All posts by: Sarah Hansen, M.S. '15


UMBC pilots management boot camp for early-career science faculty

New science faculty come to UMBC as experts in their fields, often with a decade of research experience. What may be less familiar is how to manage a large laboratory, from the ground up. How do you balance time spent teaching, researching, and mentoring students? Should you buy that useful but expensive piece of equipment? If, through your research, you discover something that could be commercially viable, how do you get it to market?

UMBC’s College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences (CNMS) is helping faculty learn how to answer these questions through a new five-day Entrepreneurial Skills Training (EST) program at the UMBC Training Centers. This winter, a pilot of the program, developed by Gib Mason ‘95, economics, and executive director of the Center for Leadership and Innovation at the UMBC Training Centers, taught 16 faculty members in biology, chemistry, physics, math, and marine biotech essential skills to grow their labs. Participants learned about leadership styles, maintaining work-life balance, and project management approaches, as well as entrepreneurial skills like marketing, negotiating, and intellectual property development.

“When a newly-hired assistant professor arrives on campus, we provide them with start-up funds, office and laboratory space, classes to teach, committee assignments, and the list goes on. Similar to an entrepreneur, they take upon themselves the full responsibility (including the liabilities) of starting a research enterprise,” says CNMS Dean Bill LaCourse. “This Entrepreneurial Skills Training program provides them with the tools they need to set up and operate a productive research program while living a more balanced life.”

“The things that we’ve been taught here, you aren’t taught in a traditional scientific career pathway,” said Fernando Vonhoff, assistant professor of biological sciences, at the end of the week-long training. He plans to apply philosophies he learned in the program, such as Agile Project Management, in his lab.

Like Vonhoff, Erin Green, assistant professor of biological sciences, appreciated expanding her project management skillset, as well as learning about the importance of emotional intelligence and how to develop a short, accessible description of her work. By developing business plan blueprints and elevator pitches, she and her colleagues learned how to more effectively explain to investors and the general public why their research matters—research from neurodevelopment to next-generation energy storage, from quantum computing to epigenetics.

LaCourse sees the cost of providing the Entrepreneurial Skills Training for new faculty as an investment in their career success—a way to help faculty effectively take on the challenges of leading research groups in a world where funding for basic science can be scarce. Ultimately, says Michelle Starz-Gaiano, associate professor of biological sciences, “The training has set us up to better seize opportunities as they arise.”

Mason and LaCourse are already planning future EST opportunities for new faculty, adjusting the program based on feedback from the pilot. One ongoing challenge remains how to make sure the training can help faculty answer the different kinds of management questions that might emerge in different settings, given the diversity of CNMS research. By continuing to refine the program, LaCourse is excited to develop a model that other institutions could emulate and grow further, helping to propel even more science faculty toward successful careers.

Image: Gib Mason instructs an entrepreneurship course at the UMBC Training Centers. Photo by Marlayna Demond ’11 for UMBC.

Valedictorian Eudorah Vital to pursue neurobiology-focused M.D./Ph.D. at Emory University

Eudorah Vital
B.S., Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Summa Cum Laude
Hometown: Silver Spring, Maryland
Plans: M.D./Ph.D., Emory University School of Medicine

UMBC prepares its students to be productive members of society who strive to understand others and bring people together. I came to UMBC thinking I knew what I wanted to do, and I am leaving with a refined version of my goals, which reflect the values of inclusivity, support, and grit.

Valedictorian Eudorah Vital is remarkable not just in her tremendous academic success and dedication to high-level scholarship, but also in her drive to support fellow students and the broader Baltimore community.
A Meyerhoff Scholar and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Scholar since her freshman year, Vital dived into research as soon as she arrived at UMBC. She quickly advanced to independent research in Rachel Brewster’s developmental biology lab, learning to troubleshoot challenges on her own. Soon, she was mentoring undergraduates newer to the lab. As a result of her dedication to her work, Vital has co-authored two papers in top-tier academic journals, and a third is on its way.

This photo “symbolizes my UMBC journey, as it shows that I did not make it through alone,” says Eudorah Vital. “I had many friends who encouraged me along the way.” Photo courtesy Eudorah Vital.

Vital, who is also a MARC U*STAR Scholar, goes above and beyond to support others. She serves as a peer supplemental instructor for organic chemistry courses and works as a tutor in the Chemistry Tutorial Center, often creating her own worksheets to help struggling students. As a member of Phi Delta Epsilon, an international co-ed medical fraternity, Vital has volunteered often at Baltimore City food kitchens and health fairs.
It is her joint commitment to both research and supporting people on a more personal level that led Vital to choose an M.D./Ph.D. graduate program. Her goal to pursue clinically relevant research in a diverse and inclusive environment, like the one she has cherished at UMBC, helped her select Emory University’s neurobiology program among the numerous offers she received.
Portrait by Marlayna Demond ‘11 for UMBC.

Greg Huxtable to begin Ph.D. at UC Irvine, building on high-level research in quantum computing

Greg Huxtable
B.S., Physics and Mathematics
Hometown: Gambrills, Maryland
Plans: Ph.D., University of California, Irvine

UMBC was a great environment for preparing me for graduate school, due to the large number of research opportunities available to undergraduates.

Greg Huxtable is heading to the University of California, Irvine to pursue a Ph.D.  in physics after conducting theoretical physics research at UMBC on the optimization of quantum heat engines (engines consisting of single ions). How did he decide on this particular area of focus? Reflecting on the unique research and learning opportunities he accessed as a UMBC undergraduate, Huxtable says, “I’ve attended dozens of weekly colloquiums in the physics department, which has exposed me to current developments in many fields of physics and has helped shaped my interests.”
Huxtable’s mentor, Sebastian Deffner, assistant professor of physics, has also played a major role in his success. “Sebastian has been a terrific mentor to me,” Huxtable shares. “From explaining to me how to balance research and life, to our talks on what life is like at every stage of academia—from undergrad up to professorship—he exposed me to the academic world in a way that classes could not.”

Group photo of UMBC lacrosse team and their coaches.
Greg Huxtable ’18 (no. 11, center) with the UMBC club lacrosse team. Photo courtesy Greg Huxtable.

“Greg is one of the most mature and dedicated undergraduate students that I have met,” says Deffner. “Visiting scientists frequently mistake him for an advanced graduate student.”
With Deffner’s support, Huxtable applied for and received the Donald N. Langenberg Undergraduate Research Award in Physics in 2017. The award honors a prior chancellor of the University System of Maryland and supplies a monetary award to support an undergraduate student’s research in physics. Huxtable will also travel to Telluride, Colorado this summer for a week-long conference co-organized by Deffner on nanoscale statistical physics and thermodynamics.
In addition to his academic success, Huxtable has been a member of the UMBC men’s club lacrosse team for three years and served as the team’s captain and vice president his senior year. “I’ll forever cherish the bonds I’ve made with my teammates and coaches,” he says. “I looked up to my older teammates my first year, and I did my best to build on what they left behind for the next generation of UMBC men’s club lacrosse leaders.”
Portrait by Marlayna Demond ’11 for UMBC.

Jamshaid Shahir pursues research at the interface of math and biology through Ph.D. at UNC-Chapel Hill

Jamshaid Shahir
B.S., Mathematics and Statistics
Magna Cum Laude
Hometown: Woodstock, Maryland
Plans: Ph.D., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

The mentorship and guidance I received from the Meyerhoff Scholars staff and my professors has been invaluable in clarifying my resolve to earn a Ph.D. and has opened many doors for me, such as presenting at conferences around the country, from Harvard to Hawaii.

Jamshaid Shahir, M26, is a Meyerhoff Scholar, MARC U*STAR Scholar, and member of the Honors College at UMBC. With his mentor Hye-Won Kang, assistant professor of mathematics and statistics, Shahir has worked on mathematically modeling the process of cell polarization, a mechanism that enables the cell to move and transmit information. This mechanism is important for a broad range multicellular functions, such as wound healing and embryonic development. Understanding how cells polarize is a fundamental question in cell biology.

Shahir was named a 2018 NSF Graduate Research Fellow, which will fund his graduate work at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for three years. In 2017, he received an honorable mention for the prestigious Goldwater Scholarship. Shahir is also a member of several honor societies, including Pi Mu Epsilon, the national mathematics honor society; Mu Sigma Rho, the national statistics honor society; and the Golden Key International Honour Society, as well as a member of the American Statistical Association.

He has also supported fellow Meyerhoff Scholars by serving as a Meyerhoff Peer Advisor. “My time at UMBC has made me more resilient, learning from failure and overcoming it,” Shahir shares. “I believe UMBC promotes a healthy balance between cooperation and competition that has motivated me to push myself harder, allowing me to grow as an aspiring scientist and a young adult, with a strong and supportive network of peers and mentors that I believe will endure well beyond my time at UMBC.”

Portrait by Marlayna Demond ’11 for UMBC.

Stormy Hill heads to data science position at Nielson after transformative UMBC experience

Stormy Hill
B.S., Applied Statistics
Summa Cum Laude
Hometown: Columbia, Maryland
Plans: Emerging Technologist Program, Nielsen Holdings

UMBC has been a transformative experience. I have made great friends and found inspirational mentors here that have shaped me as a person. UMBC has helped me find my passions and fulfill my goals, big and small.

UMBC leaves its mark on every student, but Stormy Hill’s time as a Retriever has been particularly transformative. Hill joined the UMBC community after two highly successful years at Howard Community College. At UMBC, Hill was selected to become a member of the inaugural cohort of Hill-Lopes Scholars, a program designed to support women in STEM, and her interest in statistics flourished.  
“Without a doubt, UMBC helped me achieve my career goals,” Hill says. “Through networking opportunities provided through the Hill-Lopes Scholarship Program, I found the most amazing internship with T. Rowe Price. Later, the wonderful Career Center was where I found my dream job with Nielsen, which will take me to Florida this summer.”

Stormy Hill (front row, center) with the UMBC Jujitsu Club in May 2017, just after graduating from a white belt to a yellow belt. “I like this picture because I am surrounded by my friends and senseis,” Hill says, “and it shows how much more I have gotten from UMBC than an education.” Photo courtesy Stormy Hill.

With a perfect GPA, Hill is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa and Tau Sigma honor societies. When it comes to her academic achievements, she is thankful for the support of faculty who weren’t just excellent teachers in the classroom, but who also proactively reached out to her with praise for her work and encouraged her to pursue further study and opportunities. “This type of support gave me confidence in my ability to branch out of my comfort zone and learn new things,” she shares, “and even to consider jobs in areas I never would have considered otherwise.”
Hill also tutored children in math at Lakeland School in Baltimore through the Sherman STEM Teacher Scholars Program. “I discovered a way I can give back to my community and make a positive difference in the lives of children,” she reflects. “I have enjoyed the experience so thoroughly that I intend to seek out opportunities to continue tutoring after moving to Florida.” A member of both the scuba diving and jujitsu clubs at UMBC, she also plans to continue her martial arts training after graduation.
Hill will soon begin work at Nielson Holdings through the data science track of their highly competitive Emerging Technologist Program.
Portrait by Marlayna Demond ’11 for UMBC.

Biochemistry researcher and award-winning figure skater Arissa Falat to pursue Pharm.D./J.D.

Arissa Falat
B.S., Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Summa Cum Laude
Hometown: Columbia, Maryland
Plans: Pharm.D./J.D., University of Maryland School of Pharmacy

UMBC is peerless regarding the interest faculty members take in the well-being of students across academic and extracurricular endeavors. Naturally, this gives rise to a tight-knit community of highly motivated individuals.

Arissa Falat is a University Scholar and member of the Honors College who has received numerous scholarships in her time at UMBC, including the 2017 Smithsonian Earth Optimism Summit Student Scholarship, 2017 Lise Satterfield Scholarship, and UMBC Undergraduate Research Award for her work in Kathy Seley-Radtke’s chemistry lab. She was invited to join the National Society of Collegiate Scholars, Golden Key International Honour Society, and Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi.

Beyond her own studies and research, Falat serves as a teaching assistant for courses in molecular and general genetics and cell biology, including teaching discussion sections, writing exams and quizzes, conducting review sessions, grading, and more. She has also counseled, hosted, and welcomed to campus on visit days prospective and admitted students as a UMBC Office of Undergraduate Admissions Student Ambassador.

On top of her academic accomplishments, Falat has performed in more than 100 figure skating shows and participated in even more competitions. She passed the senior level test in three figure skating disciplines, making her a triple gold medalist in U.S. Figure Skating.

Falat became a professional in 2017, and she shares her skating skills by volunteering to teach lessons in Baltimore’s Inner Harbor and performing in benefit shows. “For me, figure skating provides the essential balance between the rigors of a demanding academic schedule and the relief of that mental tension,” she says.

With so many interests, Falat had a difficult time choosing a particular path forward. “Deciding on which graduate path to pursue used to eat me alive, but UMBC nurtured my passions and made me realize that I don’t have to pick just one interest,” she says. She plans to pursue a dual Pharm.D./J.D. degree.

Portrait by Marlayna Demond ‘11 for UMBC.

Janae Baptiste, dedicated HIV researcher and educator, to continue as a postdoc at UMBC

Janae Baptiste
Ph.D., Chemistry
Cum Laude
Hometown: Pensacola, Florida
Plans: Postdoctoral researcher, UMBC

At UMBC, I have been able to pursue my passion for research and explore questions that interest me…The terrific mentorship I have received here has given me confidence to continue in research and, ultimately, enter the professoriate.

Janae Baptiste is a Meyerhoff Graduate Fellow and an NIH Chemistry-Biology Interface Fellow, dedicated to both research and teaching. Her research in the lab of Michael Summers at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute facility at UMBC focuses on determining the structure of proteins involved in the replication of HIV, which is a necessary step toward developing new therapies to block viral replication. Baptiste will continue her research in the Summers lab as a postdoctoral researcher after graduation, as well as teach biochemistry to undergraduates.
“UMBC helped me to discover that I love to teach,” she says, “by providing several opportunities to interact with undergraduates in research and teaching laboratories.” An ability to explain chemistry in an accessible way is critical for teaching, and Baptiste demonstrated that skill when she won People’s Choice Award and second place overall at UMBC’s 2017 Three-Minute Thesis (3MT) competition. She also volunteers with Baltimore City youth to increase their exposure to STEM activities and mentorship.

Janae Baptiste just after successfully defending her dissertation. She is holding a model of one of the protein structures that she determined in her research. She says the photo reminds her “of all those in the UMBC community that guided me and helped make my dream of earning a Ph.D. possible.” Photo courtesy of Janae Baptiste.

Portrait by Marlayna Demond ‘11 for UMBC.

Daniel Morris to pursue microbiology Ph.D. at Penn without losing sight of love for the arts

Daniel Morris
B.S., Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Summa Cum Laude
Hometown: Lexington Park, Maryland
Plans: Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania

UMBC connected me with professors and mentors who could guide me toward my career goals. They taught me how to be an effective researcher, a helpful teacher, and an avid learner.

Daniel Morris proves that UMBC students need not choose between STEM and the arts and humanities. As an enthusiastic researcher in Michael Summers’ biochemistry lab, Morris contributed to the group’s work studying HIV. As a member of UMBC’s Honors College, Morris excelled in the classroom and the lab, receiving the Faculty Award for Excellence in Biochemistry and the Roger Michael Davis Endowed Scholarship in recognition of his research.

Daniel Morris (left, gray pants and red vest) performs in UMBC’s production of Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night. “As the only non-theatre major in the production, I was welcomed into the community with open arms,” Morris shares. “UMBC is much like this picture: welcoming, diverse, and memorable.”

Morris has also enjoyed helping other students learn molecular biology concepts, working as a teaching assistant for molecular and general genetics. “The faculty and staff here have helped me to discover my three academic passions,” he shares, “a love of learning, an excitement about pursuing new knowledge, and the fulfillment I get from teaching.”
Outside the world of STEM, Morris has enjoyed performing with the Down and Dirty Dawg Pep Band, the Musical Theatre Club, and in the theatre department’s production of Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night. “Being involved with performing and social student groups helped me to appreciate the value of being a well-rounded individual,” he says.
Morris will continue in research at the University of Pennsylvania by pursuing a Ph.D. in microbiology, virology, and parasitology.
Photos by Marlayna Demond ‘11 for UMBC.

Jonathan Werner pursues Ph.D. combining interests in experimental and computational biology

Jonathan Werner
B.S., Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
Summa Cum Laude
Hometown: Glen Burnie, Maryland
Plans: Ph.D., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

The Meyerhoff program taught me how to be a scholar and a life-long learner, and the professors and staff here at UMBC taught me how to use my natural curiosity and intellect to be successful in my chosen career path.

Jonathan Werner, M26, has been conducting research with Rachel Brewster, professor of biological sciences, since his freshman year. By studying zebrafish development, “we aim to provide the basic research necessary for the future clinical treatment of neural tube birth defects, the most common birth defects in humans,” he says.

Werner has co-authored two papers based on research in Brewster’s lab and is currently working on his first first-author publication. The College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences recognized his efforts with the Faculty Award for Excellence. He is also a member of the academic honor society Phi Beta Kappa.

Werner was recently selected as a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow. The fellowship provides three years of funding for his graduate studies, which he will pursue at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York state. Werner intends to blend his interests in experimental and computational biology in his Ph.D. work, a goal the fellowship will facilitate.

As a Meyerhoff Scholar and the Meyerhoff Student Council President, Werner is grateful to the Meyerhoff community for supporting his success and connecting him with exciting opportunities. “While here at UMBC, I have received phenomenal support in both my academic and research pursuits,” he says.

Portrait by Marlayna Demond ’11 for UMBC.

Adaku Uchendu to extend passion for mathematics through information sciences Ph.D. at Penn State

Adaku Uchendu
B.S., Mathematics
Cum Laude
Hometown: Beltsville, Maryland
Plans: Ph.D., Penn State University

A famous saying goes, ‘The sparkle depends on the flaws in a diamond.’ This means all my flaws and strengths make me who I am. Therefore, I can only shine brightly when I accept all of me. I learned this at UMBC.

Adaku Uchendu has had great success as a math major at UMBC, but she actually came to UMBC with the intention of studying biology. “Changing my major took a lot of courage,” she shares, because her love of mathematics did not always translate to high marks in her high school math courses. But her family and professors provided the support she needed to set challenging goals and achieve them, she says, including pursuing high-level mathematics research and competitive internships.

Adaku Uchendu presents “Numerical Simulation of Mechanical Structures” at the University of Maryland McNair Scholars conference. Photo courtesy of Uchendu.

Uchendu joined the UMBC community after graduating from high school in Nigeria. She is a McNair Scholar and received an Undergraduate Research Award to pursue work with Bedrich Sousedik, associate professor of mathematics. She expanded on her research with Sousedik through an internship with the Federal Reserve Board, the central banking system of the United States. She has also joined Pi Mu Epsilon, the mathematics honor society.
“My UMBC journey has been a success due to the support of my parents, the excellent math professors I had, the McNair program, and most of all God, who always has my back,” Uchendu says. She shares her gratitude for that support by paying it forward — tutoring in UMBC’s Math Lab and volunteering with REACH, a student-led group that encourages high school girls in Baltimore City to pursue STEM-related careers by providing mentorship and other resources.
Next fall, Uchendu will begin a Ph.D. in information science and technology at Penn State University, pursuing interests in machine learning, data science, and cybersecurity.
Portrait by Marlayna Demond ’11 for UMBC.

UMBC’s 40th Graduate Research Conference to focus on communication and collaboration

UMBC’s 40th Graduate Research Conference, hosted by the Graduate Student Association on March 28, 2018, will give master’s and Ph.D. students a chance to share their work, receive constructive criticism on their communication skills, and connect with researchers from all corners of the university. This year’s conference will also include talks from Carole McCann, professor and chair of gender and women’s studies, and Taka Yamashita, professor of sociology and gerontology, on the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, as well as a special presentation by the Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science.

“A major part of the experience as a grad student is to create new knowledge or new modes of creative expression, and to write the best possible thesis or dissertation,” says Jeffrey Halverson, associate dean of UMBC’s Graduate School. As a complement to the research itself, he explains, “the Graduate School also wants to emphasize practicing and honing one’s ‘soft skills’—that is, communicating your results, finding interdisciplinary crossroads to explore, and taking advantage of professional development opportunities.” 

Students will present more than 50 posters and give 20 short talks. Four panels—focused on health, machines, global issues, and communities—will allow graduate researchers to share their work in an interdisciplinary context. All students who present posters or give talks receive feedback from faculty judges on their presentation strengths and how they might more effectively share their work with different audiences in the future.

Lipi Mukherjee, a fifth-year Ph.D. student in atmospheric physics, is participating in the GRC for the second time. The first time, she benefited from both presenting a poster and observing other students’ talks. “It showed me what a good talk looks like, and how you can take advantage of a platform like GRC,” she shares. Her advice? “Take it seriously. It can be your first step in developing your presentation skills, and it is a very unintimidating environment.”

Juan Valdez ‘12, biological sciences, M.S. ‘13, applied molecular biology, a fifth-year Ph.D. student in biological sciences, and a prior GRC participant, agrees. “Any sort of practice in presentation is super valuable,” he says. UMBC’s applied molecular biology master’s program and Bridge to the Doctorate program both required Valdez to present, and he’s glad they did. He says it was scary at first, but he’s seen huge improvements in his presentation skills based on honest feedback from the judges. To uncertain grad students considering presenting, he says, “Just do it.”

Graduate students who are close to completing their degrees may also participate in the Three Minute Thesis (3MT) competition. In the 3MT contest, which began at the University of Queensland in 2008 and now is held at over 200 universities worldwide, graduate students are challenged to present a three-minute talk encapsulating their entire dissertation. The winners continue on to a national competition.

“I think my research is really cool, but sometimes I struggle with trying to explain to people what I do,” says Alex Rittle, a third-year Ph.D. student in geography and environmental systems and a member of the GRC planning committee. “3MT is basically practicing your elevator speech. How do you distill everything you’re doing—which is going to be hundreds of pages of a dissertation—into three minutes? It helps me think about the essence of what I’m doing.”

This year, 3MT participants have had the opportunity to prepare for their talks one-on-one with Scott Morgan, a communication skills expert. After reading Morgan’s book, Mustafa Al-Adhami, M.S. ‘15 and a second-year Ph.D. student in mechanical engineering, was excited for the opportunity to work with him and hone his 3MT presentation. Al-Adhami, who is a budding entrepreneur, notes that “this is how it works in real life—you don’t get much time to present your idea, so I thought the 3MT would be good practice for the future.”

Last year’s 3MT winner, Denise Williams, a third-year Ph.D. student in chemistry, emphasizes that beyond the value of presenting her own work, she’s particularly enjoyed the opportunity to connect with graduate students working in vastly different fields, whom she wouldn’t just run into in the lab or the classroom.

Morgan Bunting, a gerontology Ph.D. student and member of the GRC planning committee, agrees. “GRC gives graduate students training on how to ace professional conferences in the field, and by participating, students practice how to communicate their research in an accessible way,” she says. “It’s also just a wonderful way to engage the community and learn what amazing work is going on in the Graduate School.”

Learn more about this year’s program on the research conference website.

Image: Ashley Wayne Thomas, a Ph.D. student in mechanical engineering, discusses her research with a fellow student at GRC 2017. Photo by Marlayna Demond ’11 for UMBC.

UMBC physicist Sebastian Deffner lays groundwork to better understand birth of the universe

Scientists, across all areas of study, seek to help us better understand the world in microscopic and massive ways. How does it work? What rules does it follow? Theoretical physicists in particular have developed theories that explain how parts of the universe work: classical mechanics for objects at everyday sizes and speeds, quantum mechanics for very tiny objects at everyday speeds, special relativity for things that approach the speed of light. But what about very small objects that also have very high energy, like the universe at the start of the Big Bang?

“This final case—small objects with high energy—is very important if you want to understand where the universe comes from,” says Sebastian Deffner, assistant professor of physics at UMBC. But physics theories to date aren’t quite able to handle it. They assume that systems are at least locally stable, which doesn’t hold for some of the most interesting cases, from the Big Bang to black holes. Deffner adds, “If we want to understand all these cosmological models, and we want to understand the thermodynamics of the universe, we actually have no means to do that.” That may be about to change.

Deffner’s new paper in Physical Review X with co-author Anthony Bartolotta, a Ph.D. candidate at Caltech, builds on an explosion of research in the field of quantum stochastic thermodynamics in the last decade. This field describes the laws of thermodynamics—one of the fundamental pillars of physics—at a microscopic level for the first time. Importantly, it takes into account how their immediate surroundings affect small systems in a way that differs from how the environment affects larger systems. Deffner and Bartolotta’s work extends this field even further to examine tiny systems at very high energies that are changing quickly.

That extension “is really uncharted territory…a completely new idea,” says Deffner. “And the reason no one has done it before is because stochastic thermodynamics is only 20 years old. Quantum stochastic thermodynamics is only 10 years old. As a field, we’ve just learned how to stand. We don’t even know how to walk yet.”

The work is pioneering, but it fits into a larger ecosystem of existing physics theories. For example, in everyday systems, you intuitively expect that if you put one particle in, you will get the same one particle out. It might be going faster or slower, or in a different direction, but it’s still the same single particle. However, at high energies, like those generated at the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland, it’s actually possible to end up with a different number of particles than you started with. The famous equation e = mc2 allows mass to be created from energy when the energy is extremely large. Deffner and Bartolotta found that in their model system with high energy and at small scale, the system was much more likely to return multiple particles upon sending in just one, than to come out with the initial particle and no more, which was a huge surprise.

The math to calculate it all was “incredibly hard,” Deffner reflects, but the end result, which involved finding a way to compute an infinite number of possibilities, “was actually quite beautiful,” says Bartolotta. He shares, “Our hope is that this paper will now open the doors for other people in other fields that previously couldn’t use these techniques to now use them.”

Deffner’s overall research goal is to broaden the uses of the framework of thermodynamics, “until we find neat things that no one has ever seen before,” and his latest paper fits that bill.

“I’m still totally blown away by the result,” Deffner says, but he’s also already contemplating possibilities for future research directions. When it comes to untangling the mysteries of the early universe, he notes, “there’s a lot that we have to do next.”

Image: Sebastian Deffner, photographed by Marlayna Demond ’11 for UMBC.