A talented trio of students has earned accolades for their innovative work with Deepak Koirala, assistant professor of chemistry and biochemistry. Their awards are replicating like the RNA they study, as they unravel the complexities of viral RNA and reveal potential therapeutic targets.
Manju Ojha, Ph.D. candidate in biochemistry, Megan Nguyen, rising senior biochemistry and molecular biology major, and Jason Daniels ’25, biochemistry and psychology, all members of Koirala’s lab, recently received awards for their joint research on RNA.
Ojha received the Robert F. Steiner Award in recognition of her significant research contributions and dedicated mentorship of undergraduate students. The award was established in 1999 by Robert Cotter and Catherine Fenselau, former chair of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at UMBC, in tribute to Steiner, a former UMBC faculty member and pioneer in biophysical chemistry.
“This award highlights the growing impact of our work on understanding RNA structure, RNA-protein interactions, and viral replication mechanisms—an area that remains central to advancing structural virology and therapeutic development,” Ojha says. “The recognition underscores the importance of tackling complex questions in RNA structure and function using integrative biochemical and structural approaches.”
Jason Daniels (right) discusses a research poster with his mentor, Deepak Koirala (center), and lab mate Megan Nguyen, outside the Koirala Lab.
Students at the center of the lab
Koirala’s group focuses on viruses whose genomes are made of RNA, which include those that cause diseases like polio, the common cold, and more. The group is developing novel techniques to determine the 3D structures of RNA, plus running experiments to figure out how RNA structures in the viruses interact with their host cell’s machinery. Students are deeply involved in all of it.
Nguyen has been studying the structure and function of plant RNAs under Ojha’s mentorship since 2023. Plant viruses are a major challenge for some crops. This spring, Nguyen received the Satterfield-Bell Scholarship, established in 2001, which recognizes an outstanding junior in chemistry who has conducted research.
“I have learned so many techniques and so much scientific theory from Manju and other lab members,” Nguyen says. “I’m thankful for this amazing experience and to be recognized for it. However, with the mentorship I’ve received over the past three years, I know this award is not only my own, but everyone’s in the Koirala lab.”
Daniels has leveraged his experience in the Koirala lab into a competitive summer research program, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute Summer Scholars Program. His long-term goal is to pursue an M.D. Daniels received the Faculty Award for Excellence in Biochemistry, given to a graduating biochemistry major who displays excellence in the classroom and the laboratory.
“I can confidently say that the Koirala lab has been transformative in my academic career and future in science,” Daniels says. “This would not have been possible without mentorship from Manju and Dr. Koirala.”
Koirala’s lab group includes many undergraduate and graduate students who support and encourage each other. (Marlayna Demond ’11/UMBC)
A dataset unveiled today more than doubles the documented stream miles in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, elevating the total from approximately 100,000 to over 200,000 miles. The Hyper-Resolution Hydrography Data used to generate the new stream maps stems from a collaboration between the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), the Environmental Protection Agency’s Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP), and the Chesapeake Conservancy (CC), including UMBC alumni at CBP and CC.
The project lays a robust foundation for sustainable management of one of North America’s most critical ecosystems, which spans six states and supports millions of residents and iconic wildlife, such as blue crabs and migrating shorebirds. The new, high-resolution dataset offers the clearest picture yet of how water moves through both pristine landscapes and altered terrain throughout the watershed.
The novel, AI-supported mapping method the research team used also dramatically reduces costs, time, and labor required for stream mapping, making it easy to update as additional data become available or apply in other watersheds to amplify its impact.
“The landscape is shaped by running water. Stream networks are the primary conduit between the watershed and the Bay, and now we can characterize that connection in ways that we’ve never been able to before,” says Matthew Baker, UMBC professor of geography and environmental systems, and a lead on the mapping project. In addition to locating streams and tracing their flow paths with a high degree of precision, the mapping process also allowed the team to report estimates of each channel’s width and depth along its entire length.
Matthew Baker led the generation of the new hydrography dataset. (Marlayna Demond ’11/UMBC)
A resource for restoration
“When you spend a lot of time looking at hillshade relief maps, you begin to recognize the extent of human manipulation of terrain and how dramatically we have shaped how water flows across the landscape,” Baker adds. The new data will allow individuals and organizations to improve efforts to mitigate any harms from human disruption.
Environmental groups and government agencies, including the CC and CBP, can use the data to prioritize restoration projects, like targeted streamside tree plantings that can mitigate excessive erosion—detected as unusually steep banks or deep channels relative to a stream’s width—and filter pollutants to improve water quality. Farmers and urban planners are likely to find it useful as well, to decrease the detrimental effects of agricultural runoff or wisely manage development to avoid flooding and minimize detrimental effects on wildlife habitat, for example.
“These maps represent over six years of hard work, and I can’t wait to see what people do with this highly anticipated dataset,” says David Saavedra ’14, environmental science. Saavedra’s role as a senior geospatial technical lead at the Chesapeake Conservancy had him intimately involved with the project from brainstorming to implementation.
The project has been personally rewarding for Saavedra, too. “To work alongside Dr. Matt Baker all these years has been a wonderful opportunity,” he says. “I continue to learn from him every day and am proud to consider him a colleague and mentor.”
These streams were all missed by the previous dataset, but the new method picked them up. (David Saavedra)
What to leave in, what to leave out?
This project is the first to harness high-resolution LiDAR data and artificial intelligence for large-scale, automated stream mapping. LiDAR, a laser-based system deployed via aircraft, captured elevation data with centimeter-level accuracy, generating a three-dimensional portrait of the terrain. AI algorithms, leveraging resources at UMBC’s High-Performance Computing Facility (HPCF), then processed the data, employing computer-vision techniques to identify channels.
David Saavedra played a key role in validating the new dataset at the Chesapeake Conservancy. (Courtesy of Saavedra)
The HPCF computers mapped the entire watershed in a mere two weeks—a feat that traditional methods might take years to accomplish. The results achieved 94 percent accuracy for streams represented in existing data, and between 67 and 82 percent accuracy for previously unmapped streams, as validated by Saavedra against two other datasets, aerial imagery and LiDAR-derived topographic maps.
“I led a painstaking process of manually evaluating over 7,000 stream reaches across the watershed to conduct a thorough accuracy assessment on this novel dataset,” Saavedra says. Now that the methodology has been demonstrated effective, that level of manual validation shouldn’t be necessary if the technique is applied elsewhere.
The algorithm needed some tweaks along the way, however. Initially, it included channel-shaped features that made less sense to include on a stream map, like detention ponds, green swales, gutters, and crop furrows. That necessitated modifications to the algorithm to remove those features.
“Part of the challenge in interpreting the terrain was to make distinctions between those features and more natural channels,” Baker says. “So in our model, we had to eliminate some features that were mapped initially. That was unexpected.”
Eye-opening opportunities
Labeeb Ahmed is excited about the research possibilities the new dataset presents. (Courtesy of Ahmed)
The resulting maps offer a tenfold boost in resolution, moving from a 1:24,000 map scale to a 1:2,400 map scale with each pixel representing one square meter. The new stream maps align with recently-developed land cover maps produced at the same resolution, which are being released at the same time.
“I think when people begin using our hyper-resolution hydrography in conjunction with the one-meter land use data, it will be eye-opening to see just how connected the landscape is to our waterways,” Saavedra says. “There are so many opportunities to improve our region’s water quality, many of which may not have been readily apparent with previous data.”
Labeeb Ahmed ’15, environmental science, has been involved in managing the data release through his role as a geographer in the Chesapeake Bay Program at the EPA.
“The lack of consistent high-resolution hydrography data has always been a challenge, as it is critical for numerous outcomes outlined in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement, such as mapping forest buffers, non-tidal wetlands, species habitats for brook trout and black duck, and defining stream health,” he says. “This data release will enable novel and interesting research and scientific inquiries. I’m excited to see how other researchers and stakeholders will use this data in their conservation and restoration efforts.”
The new stream maps (blue) not only show more streams than the old maps (red), but trace their paths in more detail. (Courtesy of Matthew Baker)
In the quantum kingdom, particles flirt with the impossible, defying the tidy laws of Newton’s world. Today’s booming quantum industry, built on understanding this realm, hums with the energy of vibrating atoms. UMBC alumni are riding the quantum wave as they harness the field’s mysteries to unlock a revolution too strange to imagine—and too big to ignore.
Cory Nunn, Ph.D. ’23, physics, conducted astronomy research as an undergraduate, studying enormous objects scattered across the galaxy. But in the end, he fell in love with the physics of a much tinier universe, where you can never quite be sure where the electrons are, and the simple act of observing a system can shift its properties.
That kingdom is quantum, a field that, as it matures, is likely to lead to a revolution in communications, cybersecurity, scientific observations, and more. In Maryland today, political and business leaders are committed to investing in these new technologies and building a hub for quantum research.
Quantum theory emerged in the early 20th century when scientists like Albert Einstein and Erwin Schrödinger cracked open a subatomic universe where particles could sometimes behave like waves—common knowledge today, but revolutionary at the time. Their research left Sir Isaac Newton’s straightforward rules behind, replacing them with probabilities and uncertainty.
Cory Nunn, Ph.D. ’23, adjusts an experimental setup at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). He says his advisor, Todd Pittman, prepared him well. “There’ a lot of ambition in Todd’s group; I feel like we were encouraged organically to push ourselves, because we were convinced what we were doing was really cool and worth exploring,” Nunn says. (Photo courtesy of NIST)
By the 1950s, what we would now call “quantum 1.0” hit its stride, turning theory into world-changing tech. Transistors—tiny devices found in everything from PCs to cars to smartphones—are the most ubiquitous example; they power all computer chips. Driven by what are called “quantum effects,” or the perks of quantum over classical systems, transistors shrunk room-sized computers into pocket calculators and sparked the digital age. Then came lasers, which used the quantum effects of excited atoms to beam data across continents, and atomic clocks, which keep time with extreme accuracy based on the vibrations of single atoms. These breakthroughs rewired society, powering the gadgets and networks of today.
Quantum research has come a long way since quantum 1.0, which lasted through the 1970s, says Tom Smith, Ph.D. ’21, physics. “Now we’re in quantum 2.0,” Smith says. “There’s another wave of interesting quantum effects that we can take advantage of, like quantum superposition,” when a particle can temporarily be in two states at the same time, until the particle’s state is measured. Huge improvements in laser technology and optical components have advanced the field and “opened the door for other quantum phenomena to be implemented experimentally. It’s been a gradual development—baby steps over the years,” Smith says.
While quantum 1.0 generated foundational technologies, quantum 2.0 is about harnessing quantum phenomena to build next-level systems. Multiple companies and researchers have made strides in building “qubits,” or “quantum bits,” that can be coaxed to exist long enough to perform useful computations. The first qubits only lasted a few microseconds, but today’s qubits can exist for milliseconds—1,000 times longer—making it possible to scale up quantum computers.
A key quantum effect called “entanglement” has also shifted from being a quirky laboratory phenomenon in quantum 1.0 to a workhorse in newer quantum systems. Researchers who showed that entanglement is real and exploitable received the 2022 Nobel Prize in physics. Their work paved the way for huge advances in quantum communication across long distances and quantum-based encryption methods.
“As our control of very small, isolated systems gets better and better over time, what we’re realizing is that there are new capabilities that come with working with single atom systems or single ions,” Nunn says. “And they have new properties—quantum properties—that let us leverage different kinds of processing power than what we had with classical computers.”
Today, Nunn is a postdoctoral fellow in the Quantum Optics Group within the Quantum Measurement Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). His research on quantum networking seeks to harness the power of quantum entanglement at a distance.
“It’s really hard to send these fragile quantum bits of information over a long link. So the solution most of us are pursuing is a quantum repeater, which is basically just a node in the middle that breaks up this longer link into two smaller links that are easier to manage,” Nunn says—or, if the link is long enough, many smaller links. He refers to one end of the link as “Alice” and the other as “Bob,” to talk about how information travels from point A to B.
“So that repeater in the middle is going to have to take a signal from Alice and a signal from Bob, and if they don’t meet at exactly the same time, so the repeater can perform an operation and link the two together, then one or both of the signals is going to have to be stored in a quantum memory.”
That “operation” at the node (which Nunn calls “Charlie”) entangles the photons coming from Alice and Bob, which Nunn says is the “most interesting weird property that quantum particles can have.” In entanglement, the signals become “inherently linked, so that these quantum systems are correlated in a way that’s just stronger than classical physics could explain.”
After the operation at Charlie, Nunn says, “Alice and Bob’s systems, which are at separate labs, that never directly interacted with each other, now share entanglement.”
Nunn’s team at NIST is working to develop a range of technologies to make this long-distance entanglement possible, including sources of entangled photons, quantum memories, and methods of stabilizing links. Nunn is focused on developing specialized sources of single photons that can send synchronized quantum signals across the network.
Quantum systems don’t have to use photons, but they are “the best carriers of quantum information,” according to Nunn. “They can travel at the speed of light, don’t have to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to work (like some other quantum systems), and they can make it out of your lab and travel over fiber, or from satellite to satellite through space and the atmosphere. So these are inherently mobile ‘flying qubits’ that can actually take quantum information and fly from one place to another.”
Tom Smith, left, and Binod Joshi, Ph.D. ’25, physics, at work in Yanhua Shih’s lab at UMBC. Photo by Melissa Penley Cormier, M.F.A. ’17.
In the current wave of quantum 2.0, new materials and fabrication techniques have enhanced researchers’ ability to produce tiny, precise quantum systems, opening the doors for creating quantum networks. Finally, software is starting to catch up to mathematical theories proposed decades ago—but there’s still much work to do.
Although fully capable quantum computers are still years away, researchers, businesses, and governments are already preparing for how they might disrupt current practices. For example, powerful new tools like Shor’s algorithm would leave most modern encryption methods vulnerable to attack. In addition to quantum measurement science, NIST is playing a leading role in standardizing new cryptography techniques, called post-quantum cryptography, that better prepare us for a world with advanced quantum computers.
Quantum 2.0 is about control—taking the weirdness of quantum mechanics and engineering it into tools that outperform classical limits. Unlike quantum 1.0, it’s less about discovering quantum rules and more about exploiting them for computing, secure communications, and ultra-precise sensing. The field is growing rapidly, and governments and tech giants alike are spending billions on developing the next big breakthroughs.
Smith, who is a physicist at the Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division (NAWCAD), believes quantum sensing is one of the most exciting areas in quantum. It refers to the use of quantum systems, such as atoms or photons, to measure physical parameters with unprecedented precision and sensitivity. While quantum computing deservedly gets a lot of airtime, “I believe quantum sensing is equally far along in its R&D but doesn’t get as much attention, because it’s not the darling of private industry currently,” Smith says.
For example, he says, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is designed to detect gravitational waves, which Einstein’s general theory of relativity predicts. The LIGO team updated the observatory’s systems to take advantage of quantum effects, specifically squeezed light. Squeezed light helps make the timing or detection rate of photons more predictable, like steadying the flow of raindrops into a cup to produce consistent readings from measurement to measurement, Smith says. After LIGO made the switch, it started detecting a lot more gravitational waves.
Other companies have built quantum sensors that detect exceedingly minute shifts in gravity or magnetic fields, which can be used for anything from detecting underground tunnels to measuring brain activity to improving GPS systems. These advances come from better control of quantum states and miniaturization, which has moved tech from lab benches to the field.
“At the Navy, we’re going to keep an eye on, and in some cases have a hand in, making improvements to various types of sensing. We’re getting to the point now that maybe we can actually make a product out of this and utilize it in the field,” Smith says.
While systems like LIGO are already active, there are only a few instances of the technology around the world. For a technology to truly be “in the field” from Smith’s perspective, it must be produced at scale and put to work on, for example, a large number of aircraft carriers or military planes.
“I would like to think that certain quantum sensors could be used in the field within the next decade,” Smith says.
Nunn was a junior at the University of Delaware when LIGO upgraded. During his astronomy research, he attended conferences for quantum optics, because the first quantum optics experiments were designed to observe starlight. “All the signals that LIGO uses rely on the same type of physics that I’m studying now,” he says.
Today at NIST, his work builds directly on his Ph.D. research with Todd Pittman, Ph.D. ’96, professor of physics and director of UMBC’s Quantum Science Institute. “There was a lot going on in Todd’s lab that I was able to directly transfer to my research at NIST,” Nunn says. “Now I am directly applying the same skills, the same systems, that I was used to working with as a member of the quantum information group at UMBC.”
Some of Nunn’s current quantum networking projects involve work with the Washington Metropolitan Quantum Network, or DC-QNet. Quantum networking involves connecting quantum devices to increase their capabilities, just as classical devices are connected today to create systems like the world wide web. The DC-QNet “is a bonafide networking application,” that relies on the research he did with Pittman, Nunn says.
The DC-QNet links four federal agencies plus the University of Maryland via fiber optic cables that travel belowground and high in the air.
“As a photon travels along the link, it might get lost along the way, because it’s just one itty bitty photon against the whole world, traveling across kilometers of fiber,” Nunn says. The fiber “is basically a kilometer of glass that it has to see through.”
Today, researchers are still investigating what’s possible and building prototype quantum networks. Once full-fledged quantum computers exist, we’ll connect them and enhance their capabilities with networking, Nunn explains. Eventually, he hopes, “we’ll have the next, futuristic, Star-Trek-level internet that relies on quantum physics.”
One big goal of quantum 2.0 is to minimize the amount of light required to send a usable signal—even down to single photons, Smith says. In the context of quantum communication, “You send this train of individual photons with independent polarizations, and if you can control those polarizations—the direction the lightwaves are vibrating—you can transmit information that way,” he explains.
Both Nunn and Smith emphasized that information sent via quantum versus classical communication signals is more secure. When information travels via a classical laser pulse from Alice to Bob, an eavesdropper, typically referred to as Eve, could take away or analyze some of the light, and the recipient would still receive a pulse, not realizing their signal had been tapped.
“But at the single photon level, if an eavesdropper takes away one photon, or even obtains information about the photon, the intended receiver registers an error, so it’s easier to detect eavesdroppers,” Smith explains. That’s a huge advantage for sending confidential information—whether it’s an everyday banking transaction or a matter of global diplomacy.
Today, Smith still does work in the lab at the NAWCAD, but spends much of his time keeping tabs on what’s happening in quantum technology across academia, industry, and government, so he can recommend research NAWCAD ought to support elsewhere or pursue in-house.
“We have a lot of support right now from our chain of command to do the research that we think is best, that we think will be the most impactful, which is always a great place to be in, to have that type of freedom,” Smith says.
Smith has also continued to collaborate with his Ph.D. advisor, UMBC physics professor Yanhua Shih. Shih is a first-generation quantum optics researcher, having done pioneering work in interferometry, one of the technologies LIGO relies on. His current work on quantum sensing is complementary to active NAWCAD research.
“By collaborating directly with academia, it feels like we’re having a bit more of an impact,” Smith says. In fact, the UMBC physics department partnered with NAWCAD through a program that supports NAWCAD staff to complete their doctoral degrees. A new Ph.D. candidate is joining UMBC through the program in fall 2025.
Nunn, too, is thriving. He loves what he does at NIST and would like to stay on after his fellowship concludes.
“There’s just a lot of good research that goes on at NIST, and the people I’m working with are amazing sources of information. I’ve grown a lot as a postdoc here,” Nunn says. “It’s really inspiring to work with hard-working and clever people on new solutions for quantum networking.”
Pittman isn’t surprised by Nunn’s success.
“Cory had a knack for experimental work and really took advantage of every opportunity to become a top-notch independent researcher at UMBC,” Pittman says. “By the end of his time in my lab, working with Cory was more like collaborating with a senior colleague than mentoring a student. In his final year, our one-on-one meetings usually started with me asking, ‘OK, Cory—what are you going to teach me today?’”
“Todd was supportive and eager to give guidance early on, and then also eager to step back when he felt I was able to tackle a problem on my own,” Nunn says. “Getting to a point where he could tell me, ‘Oh, I’m learning something from you,’ was really encouraging, and the fact that he was so open to that really helped me to grow.”
Smith connected with Shih via a research rotation, and “it was a perfect match,” he says. “I learned a lot from him, but he was also hands-off in a way that allowed me to learn on my own.”
All new graduate students in the UMBC physics department share office space, an arrangement that Nunn and Smith praised for the way it organically built community among the students.
“We had a great camaraderie. That was a key aspect that allowed me to achieve as much as I did in grad school,” Smith says. But at bedrock, the thing that excites them both is the science itself and the autonomy to pursue it.
Nunn has always been intrigued by questions like, “How does light really work?”—even discussing them at high school sleepovers. It wasn’t until he arrived at UMBC that he learned that “this is an active field of research, where we’re trying to understand what quantum mechanics tells us about the way nature really works.”
Part of the excitement, he says about working in Pittman’s lab, was research into quantum memories and quantum sources that have exciting, real-world applications. “But at the core, our excitement is really investigating the way the world works on different scales that we’re not used to thinking about in our day-to-day life.”
And even as Nunn learns more and more, the mysteries of how the quantum scale operates feel limitless. He takes the attitude of a true scientist, recognizing that while “I understand more, I also understand that there’s more than ever that I don’t understand.”
The original “UMBC” ghost image from 1995 is taped inside Pittman’s journal from the time. Photo courtesy of Pittman.
In 1995, a UMBC research team led by Yanhua Shih, professor of physics, pioneered a quantum technology called “ghost imaging,” which leverages quantum entanglement to reconstruct an image of an object without actually shining any light on it. The 30th anniversary of this quantum feat was marked in a Nature Communications Physics article this spring. The UMBC team originally demonstrated the technology by rendering the letters “UMBC” in a first-of-its-kind experiment. Since then, ghost imaging has enabled revolutionary applications in secure communication, medical imaging, and remote sensing.
Todd Pittman recalls the excitement of the original breakthrough, telling Nature: “Seeing the ‘UMBC’ image emerge from the data for the first time was super exciting and very rewarding; I remember it like it was yesterday!”
Thirty years ago, UMBC was already making a name for itself in the quantum research space, including early work by Shih. His experiments showed that photons can instantly affect each other regardless of distance, laying the groundwork for the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics, awarded for proving quantum entanglement. That research and other early advances like ghost imaging have led to more recent contributions in quantum optics, computing, and thermodynamics that are shaping the quantum research landscape.
By now, Shih has trained a second, and now a third, generation of quantum researchers, including people like Pittman, Cory Nunn, and Tom Smith, who will lead UMBC quantum research into its next era.
On Wednesday, May 21, more than 300 high school students from the high school Baltimore Polytechnic Institute (Poly), family members, teachers, and faculty and staff from area universities filled a hall at Loyola University Maryland for the Ingenuity Project’s 2025 STEM Student Research Symposium. Poly students presented research they had completed as part of the Ingenuity Project, UMBC mathematics and statistics majors presented educational workshops, and UMBC faculty and staff were on site to discuss their research and opportunities at UMBC.
The Ingenuity Project is a premier STEM program at Poly, a top-tier, STEM-focused high school in Baltimore City. Ingenuity prepares highly motivated students for success in college and beyond with a rigorous STEM curriculum, including independent research. Ingenuity students have earned over $27 million in scholarships since the program’s launch in 1997.
Ingenuity Project students visited UMBC this spring. They toured campus (right), heard from current math and stat students (left), and sat in on UMBC math courses. (Courtesy of Justin Webster)
“Our partnership with Ingenuity has allowed us to interact with some truly exceptional students and share the wonder of higher mathematics,” says Justin Webster, associate professor of mathematics and a lead liaison between UMBC and Poly. “The diverse collection of mathematically gifted students at Ingenuity is truly amazing.”
Those interactions go well beyond the research symposium. This semester alone, UMBC faculty visited the Ingenuity program at Poly three times, engaging with students through the Math Modeling Club and offering guidance in Poly’s Research Methods course. The department hosted 21 Ingenuity students at UMBC for the first-ever Math and Stat Visitation Day. They toured the campus, shared lunch with faculty and undergraduates, and sat in on mathematics lectures, gaining a firsthand look at college-level STEM education.
Left: Ephraim Ruttenberg ’25, mathematics, (who also loves to crochet) speaks to high school students at the 2024 Ingenuity Research Conference at Morgan State University. Right: Justin Webster (left) works with a student at the 2024 conference. (Courtesy of Ingenuity Project)
“Our partnership with UMBC is an invaluable asset to the Ingenuity Project, and we are so grateful for their ongoing collaboration and support,” shared Lisette Morris, executive director for the Ingenuity Project. “Their generous sponsorship and support of both the Leadership Conference and the Research Symposium truly helped make this year’s events a tremendous success, empowering nearly 300 young scholars to explore and showcase their passion for STEM.”
For Webster, who lives less than a mile from Poly, the partnership is also personal.
“As a Baltimore City resident, getting to share the beauty of higher math with these students—both at Poly and on UMBC’s campus—has been a privilege,” he says. “It’s just deeply rewarding to work with such talented young minds.”
This collaboration strengthens ties with the local community, creating a pipeline for future STEM leaders. By fostering these connections, UMBC and Poly are building a future full of opportunity for Baltimore’s brightest.
Before they left, the Ingenuity Project students who came to UMBC this spring for Math and Stat Visitation Day stopped to say hello to True Grit outside the Retriever Activities Center. (Courtesy of Justin Webster)
Jianyu “Kevin” Zheng, a postdoctoral fellow with the Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research (GESTAR) Center II, whose work focuses on remote sensing for dust aerosols, is the recipient of the 2025 Elsevier/JQSRT Richard M. Goody Award. This honor recognizes early-career researchers for outstanding contributions to the fields of atmospheric radiation and remote sensing. Zheng, Ph.D. ’23, atmospheric physics, will accept the award in June at the 21st Electromagnetic and Light Scattering Conference in Milazzo, Italy.
Zheng researches microscopic particles from deserts that drift across the globe, influencing Earth’s climate. These particles play a dual role in the planet’s radiation budget, which describes how much heat is trapped or reflected.
“Aerosols can scatter solar radiation, but they can also absorb thermal radiation from the Earth. If the scattering effect is stronger, that will cause cooling. If the absorption effect is stronger, then it causes warming,” Zheng says. “That causes uncertainties, because right now we still don’t know to what extent aerosols are warming or cooling in different circumstances, due to our limited understanding of how aerosols’ properties change during global transport.”
Zheng’s research digs into this complexity, offering insights that could sharpen the accuracy of climate predictions.
A dust aerosol size surprise
Using satellite data, Zheng studies dust as it travels from Africa across the Atlantic Ocean. His findings show that dust particles are on average larger than most scientists expected. Other emerging research using samples collected from ocean-mounted buoys has also shown that large particles can stay aloft for weeks or months—much longer than researchers had assumed.
“Particle size on average generally decreases over time during transport,” Zheng says, “but our study shows that it remains relatively constant as dust transports over the North Atlantic until it reaches Puerto Rico and the Caribbean.”
He also identified seasonal shifts in particle sizes. Current climate models assume a constant rate of particle shrinkage as dust travels across the Atlantic, and they completely overlook seasonal dynamics, so Zheng’s discoveries are pushing experts to rethink how aerosols are represented in climate models.
Today Zheng is expanding his work to investigate particle size variability over land, an even more complex dynamic than over the ocean.
Left: Zheng also recently received the NASA Goddard Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award. (Courtesy of Zheng)
Finding his niche
Zheng’s academic journey began in China, where he completed a bachelor’s degree in geography and a master’s focused on atmospheric science. Then a chance encounter with Zhibo Zhang, professor of physics, changed his trajectory.
“I hadn’t thought about coming to the U.S., but Zhibo invited me to consider UMBC when we met at a research conference,” Zheng recalls. “I thought the United States might be a good choice to try learning in a different environment.”
With Zhang’s guidance and access to collaborators at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Zheng has honed his expertise in dust aerosol research over several years.
Jianyu Zheng (right) graduated with his Ph.D. in December 2023, conducting research with Zhibo Zhang (left). (Courtesy of Zheng)
“Zhibo is the reason I ended up taking this postdoc position at NASA Goddard, because of the close collaborators that he has there who were engaged with my Ph.D. project,” Zheng says. At Goddard, Zheng is mentored by Hongbin Yu, a research physical scientist.
“I have to give thanks to both of them, Zhibo and Hongbin, for keeping me motivated to continue this work. It helped me build up a reputation in this specific field early in my career,” Zheng says. “I think it’s the most important reason that I got this award, because right now I am an early-career scientist who is considered as rising in this field among the scientific community—they recognize this work.”
In his current role, Zheng continues to explore the frontiers of atmospheric science. His work not only deepens our understanding of aerosols but also lays the groundwork for more reliable climate models—with implications that reach far beyond the lab.
Imagine cells navigating through a complex maze, guided by chemical signals and the physical landscape of their environment. At UMBC, a team of researchers has contributed an important discovery about how cells move, or migrate, through this maze of bodily tissues. Potential implications include better understanding of diseases like cancer and advancing medical treatments.
Published in iScience, the team’s study combines biological experiments and mathematics to reveal new insights into cell migration. Alex George, Ph.D. ’24, biological sciences, and Naghmeh Akhavan, Ph.D. ’25, mathematics, led the study, which explores how cells in fruit fly egg chambers navigate their environment. Their mentors, Michelle Starz-Gaiano, professor of biological sciences, and Brad Peercy, professor of mathematics, are co-authors.
By integrating mathematical modeling with advanced imaging, the team discovered that the physical shape of the egg chamber, combined with chemical signals called chemoattractants, significantly influences how cells move.
Alex George (left) and Naghmeh Akhavan present their research at a conference at the University of Maryland, College Park. (Courtesy of Starz-Gaiano)
“This paper takes an interdisciplinary focus with tight collaboration between a mathematical framework and experimental design,” Peercy says. “The results promote the idea that complex distribution of chemical attractants can explain specific variations in migratory movement.” His enthusiasm highlights the study’s innovative approach, which merges precise mathematical models with real-world biological experiments to uncover patterns that were previously invisible.
Following the breadcrumbs
The team’s work focuses on border cells, a type of cell in fruit fly egg chambers, which are a model system for studying cell migration because of their similarities to processes in human development and disease. The team found that the border cells’ movement wasn’t just driven by continuously increasing chemical concentrations from one end of the egg chamber to the other, as earlier models suggested. Instead, the physical structure of the tissue—narrow tubes alternating with wider gaps—played a critical role.
“This was the first time that we characterized that there were these patterns of migration behavior that ended up correlating to aspects of the tissue geometry,” explains George, who specializes in capturing live images of these cells. He likens the process to Hansel and Gretel following breadcrumbs through a forest: On a flat plain, the trail is clear, but in a landscape with ravines and valleys, the breadcrumbs pool in unexpected ways, complicating the path.
This visualization of Akhavan’s mathematical model shows how migration speed shifts in each zone of the egg chamber, pictured above the graph. A steeper slope indicates a slower speed. (Courtesy of Akhavan)
To understand this, Akhavan developed mathematical models that simulate how cells respond to both chemical signals and tissue geometry together. “Alex’s experiments showed that the speed is not exactly the way previous models showed it,” she says. Her models revealed that cells speed up in narrow tubes and slow down in larger gaps, a pattern confirmed by George’s imaging.
Both approaches—wet-lab experiments and modeling—bring unique strengths to the work. Putting them together “is like unveiling the invisible from two different perspectives,” George says. “My experiments would refine her model, and her model would refine my experiments.”
And then, “When our model shows exactly what Alex found in his experiments, we love that,” Akhavan adds.
Learning new languages
This synergy didn’t always come easily. Working across disciplines meant learning to speak each other’s scientific “languages.” Akhavan, with a background in pure mathematics, recalls that when she joined the project in spring 2022, “Everything was in a different language for me.” Similarly, “A couple of times I opened my MATLAB code and Alex’s eyes got huge,” Akhavan laughs.
Yet, their collaboration flourished, fostering not only scientific breakthroughs but also friendship. “It’s a challenge to communicate across disciplines since it’s almost like speaking in different languages,” Starz-Gaiano says. “Both Alex and Naghmeh got more adept at explaining their work and honing their research questions as a result of working together over a couple of years, which was great to watch.”
Putting together wet lab experiments and mathematical modeling “is like unveiling the invisible from two different perspectives. My experiments would refine her model, and her model would refine my experiments.”
Alex George, Ph.D. ’24, biological sciences
“It is a risky and vulnerable situation to be open with colleagues in areas in which you are not a burgeoning expert,” Peercy adds. “Naghmeh and Alex have grown so much through this project to genuinely rely on each other’s opinion.”
The study’s broader impact lies in its potential to inform fields beyond developmental biology. Cell migration is critical in processes like wound healing, immune responses, and cancer metastasis. “Most research on how cells navigate the world has focused only on chemical signals or only on structural ones, so this is one of the first studies to consider how those two things impact each other, which is likely to be relevant in many cases,” Starz-Gaiano explains. By showing how tissue geometry and chemical signals interact, the research could guide new strategies for controlling cell movement via medical treatments.
Left: The team traveled to the Janelia Research Campus in Virginia to do advanced imaging for the cell migration project, which will open new avenues for research. (Courtesy of Starz-Gaiano) Center: A moment of levity in the Starz-Gaiano lab. (Courtesy of Akhavan) Right: Brad Peercy and Michelle Starz-Gaiano shared their collaborative work at the “RetriEVER Empowered: Student Success + Research + Community”event in April 2022.
New strategies lead to new discoveries
George refined his expertise in microscopy through working with Tagide deCarvalho in UMBC’s Keith R. Porter Imaging Facility. “It helped me learn a lot, getting my hands on other people’s work and visualizing all the cool things,” he says. “A picture is worth a thousand words, but a movie? Ten thousand words.” Now he’s taking his skills to the Dartmouth Cancer Center’s microscopy core facility at the Geisel School of Medicine, where he’ll start as a research scientist in June.
For Akhavan and George, leading this project has been a defining experience. Akhavan’s models, including a new approach that uses energy calculations to better capture the egg chamber’s complex geometry, have become a cornerstone of her dissertation, and she plans to continue this work post-graduation.
George and Akhavan’s mentors played a pivotal role in their success. “Michelle is a role model for me,” Akhavan says, praising the collaborative spirit of Starz-Gaiano and Peercy. “Dr. Peercy and Dr. Starz-Gaiano make the best combination for doing interdisciplinary research. This collaboration is amazing.”
Left: Naghmeh Akhavan (center) accepts the Outstanding Graduate Research in Mathematics Award at CNMS Awards and Recognition Day. (Courtesy of Akhavan) Right: Michelle Starz-Gaiano and Alex George take some time for fun while attending the Society for Developmental Biology Annual Meeting in Chicago in 2023. (Courtesy of Starz-Gaiano)
The team’s work continues to evolve, including recent experiments at the Advanced Imaging Center at the Janelia Research Campus in Virginia, where George used advanced microscopes to capture previously unseen dynamics of the relevant chemoattractants. These findings will further refine their models, opening new avenues for research.
“We are developing new experimental strategies both on the biology and the math side of things,” Starz-Gaiano says, “so it will be exciting to see where this will take us next.”
For Rachel Brewster, professor of biological sciences, “science has always been visual,” she says. Her laboratory focuses on developmental biology, using zebrafish as a model organism. Zebrafish have transparent embryos, and imaging them as they grow and change is a core element of her group’s data collection.
“There is endless complexity and beauty captured in the images we generate using increasingly advanced imaging technologies,” Brewster says. “To me, this is not unlike the experience of viewing great works of art, such as impressionist paintings that bring the natural world to life through color, texture, and contrast.”
To that end, Brewster endowed the new Havelock and Jennifer Brewster Art of Science award in the College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences (CNMS). The award recognizes one CNMS student per year who produces original, visually stunning photographs, illustrations, or data visualizations that effectively communicate an important aspect of research.
“Scientific imaging that captures both beauty and meaning takes time, skill, and perseverance,” Brewster says. The new award acknowledges that “this kind of work deserves recognition not just within the scientific community, but beyond, because it has the power to spark curiosity, inspire others, and make science more accessible and engaging to the wider public.”
Rachel Brewster’s office is a welcoming space for students to come and ask questions. (Marlayna Demond ’11/UMBC)
Opening people’s minds to the art of science
Maggie Wang, a junior biochemistry and molecular biology major with a minor in art history and museum studies, is the first recipient of the new award. Participating in UMBC’s SCIART program, a collaboration with the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, initially “opened my mind to the intersection of science and art,” Wang says.
As an undergraduate researcher in UMBC’s Molecular Characterization and Analysis Complex (MCAC), Wang’s desire to better understand the research equipment in the MCAC led her to produce detailed illustrations explaining the purpose of various instruments and the techniques they employ. With the encouragement of Cynthia Tope Niedermaier,MCAC facility manager, Wang polished her illustrations to help others learn about the equipment.
Maggie Wang created detailed drawings of instruments in the MCAC accompanied by helpful explanations of their features, such as this Bruker 12T solariX Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer (FT-ICR-MS). (Courtesy of Wang)
This summer, Wang will develop educational diagrams of more MCAC instruments. In addition to her scientific art, she works with graphite, ink, and yarn to create pieces that frequently focus on themes of Chinese culture and women’s fashion. Wang plans to pursue additional study in medical illustration after she graduates from UMBC.
“Making art is a cathartic experience that allows me to express my creativity and emotions,” Wang says. “It also helps me connect with people from different backgrounds, opening the door to new perspectives and meaningful connections.”
Giving back in gratitude
Brewster strongly believes in UMBC’s mission to bring together and support students from a wide range of backgrounds, a goal she lives out daily within her own research group. Recently she also became co-lead of UMBC’s Meyerhoff Graduate Fellows Program, which offers financial support and a close community feel to promising STEM students from all backgrounds.
“I have seen firsthand the powerful role the program plays in building the next generation of scientists,” Brewster says. “The Meyerhoff Program offers a proven framework, showing that by engaging all those who have something to contribute, we can continue to thrive as a nation.”
Brewster’s gift to fund this award is also “a small expression of my deep and lasting gratitude to my late parents, whom I love and miss every day,” she says. UMBC has also had a major role in shaping her identity. “UMBC has been my home since 2004. It is here that I have grown, not just as a scientist, but as a person. A big part of who I am is inextricably linked to this university.”
To increase the relevance and benefit of students’ projects, members of community partner organizations co-advise students on their research. Co-advisors have come from organizations like Baltimore Green Space, Maryland’s Department of Natural Resources, and the South Baltimore Community Land Trust. ICARE began with a handful of faculty members from all three colleges at UMBC who wanted to collaborate more closely. Over time, it grew into an NSF-funded training program that today includes more than 100 people and 36 organizations.
Earlier this month, the ICARE program celebrated its impact with “ICARE Day,” including a research poster session and luncheon with keynote address.
Left: Erin Hamner collected weekly water quality data from this stream for six months, using the battery-powered digital probe she’s holding. (Sarah L. Hansen, M.S. ’15/UMBC) Center: Natalia Figueredo, M.S. ’23, geography and environmental systems (second from left), interviewed local community members about their experiences with zero-waste practices. (Courtesy of Figueredo) Right: Chris Blume, M.S. ’23, geography and environmental systems, studied urban bat populations to investigate heavy metal pollution. (Courtesy of Blume)
“You’re combining the skills, knowledge, and perspectives you gained here in ICARE with your already strong commitment to environmental justice to make the world better for people and the ecosystems we live in,” said Tamra Mendelson, professor of biological sciences and ICARE program director, of program alumni, while members of the current cohort are “flexing those skills, nurturing your passions, and finding your way toward meaningful and consequential work in the environmental sector.”
“What’s happening now is that individuals realize that every single thing we do—every single economic activity we engage in, from the food you eat, to the clothing you wear, to how we power our cities—everything hinges on the environment and natural resources,” he said. “It’s not just about having a nice landscape—the environment impacts economic bottom lines.”
Current trainees, set to graduate in the next few months, are pursuing a diverse set of projects. For example, Isabella Molatore has been studying the presence of invasive fish species in Baltimore Harbor through a combination of angler interviews and DNA testing of harbor water samples. Donovin Smith is exploring novel methods to detect heavy metals in the air and using the data to measure how proximity to railways, incinerators, and other factors affects air pollution. And Will Kaselow has compared the roles and effects of different entities that influence environmental education, such as nonprofits, various levels of government, and local institutions like schools and community centers.
Left: Kids at Glenwood Middle School in Howard County raised horseshoe crabs hand-delivered by Jessica Baniak during the 2023 – 2024 school year. (Courtesy of Baniak) Right: Margaret Siao (left) and Donya Hamidi collect water samples from around Baltimore Harbor, part of the initial stages of a project to measure PFAS in the local waterways. (Image courtesy of Siao)
Despite undeniable environmental challenges, Miralles-Wilhelm ended the event on a hopeful note.
“If you look at the news, you get bombarded by so much negative stuff. You may end up believing that the world is becoming a worse place. However, I counter that by saying that since World War II, every single human development indicator and every single environmental and development indicator around the world has gotten better,” Miralles-Wilhelm said. “We’ve spent quite a bit of effort—scientists, policymakers, and investors—to try to make a better world, and it is working. It may not be working at the pace that you want it to work, it may not be improving everywhere at the same time, but it’s also undeniable that we have gotten better.”
ICARE trainees and alumni, armed with skills from technical laboratory techniques to community organizing, are now poised to contribute to and accelerate that positive trend.
Vast, quasi-circular features on Venus’ surface may reveal that the planet has ongoing tectonics, according to new research. On Earth, the shifting and recycling of tectonic plates continually renews our planet’s surface. Venus doesn’t have tectonic plates, but its surface is still being deformed by molten material from below.
“These features are not found on Earth today; however, they may have existed when our planet was young and before plate tectonics had been established,” says the study’s lead author, Gael Cascioli, a UMBC assistant research scientist with the Center for Space Sciences and Technology. “By combining gravity and topography data, this research has provided a new and important insight into the possible subsurface processes currently shaping the surface of Venus.”
Seeking to better understand the underlying processes at work on Venus, researchers studied a feature called a corona. Ranging from tens to hundreds of miles across, a corona is most often thought to be the location where a blob of molten, buoyant material from the planet’s mantle rises (called a “plume”), pushing against the uppermost part of the planet’s mantle and its crust. Coronae are usually oval and surrounded by fractures in the crust, and hundreds are known to exist on Venus.
Unlike on Earth, where tectonic plates move sideways and down in a process called subduction, the plumes on Venus might be pushing the surface upward and outward, making the surrounding surface sink down. The scientists also think that in some places, the plumes might be driving volcanoes. Here, Sif Mons, a volcano on Venus, is rendered from data collected by Magellan. The lighter orange trails coming from the peak to the foreground are lava flows. (NASA)
Old data, new discoveries
The new study, published in Science Advances, found telltale signs of corona-shaping activity at or beneath Venus’ surface. These signs may also provide a unique window into Earth’s past. To find them, the authors turned to NASA’s Magellan mission, which orbited Venus in the 1990s and collected what is still the most detailed gravity and topography data of Venus available.
There are various theories about how coronae form. “The most exciting thing for our study is that we can now say there are most likely various and ongoing active processes driving their formation,” coauthor Anna Gülcher, Earth and planetary scientist at the University of Bern in Switzerland, says.
The scientists created detailed 3D models that predicted different ways the coronae might have formed, and then compared them to data from Magellan. Their work revealed that beneath about 70 percent of the coronae they studied, there were hot, low-density plumes rising from deep inside Venus, which might be causing the unique geological activity.
The NASA VERITAS mission, scheduled for launch no earlier than 2031, will be key to filling gaps in understanding of how coronae form. According to coauthor Suzanne Smrekar, planetary scientist at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and principal investigator for VERITAS, the mission will provide much greater resolution than Magellan, supplying “an unprecedented level of detail that could revolutionize our understanding of Venus’ geology and implications for early Earth.”
When Samuel Geleta ’25, biological sciences, arrived at UMBC from Ethiopia, he was confident he wanted to go to medical school. But that was before he started conducting HIV research with Michael Summers, Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and fell in love with the scientific process. This fall, he’s headed to Yale University to pursue a Ph.D. in biomedical and biological sciences. He dreams of conducting research that he can parlay into biotech entrepreneurship in his home country.
Q: How did you choose UMBC?
A: I’m from Ethiopia, and the health sector there needs a lot of work. I wanted to contribute to my community, and at that time I thought getting a medical degree would be the best way to do that. I first started looking at UMBC because I had family living in Maryland. But what really drew me in was UMBC’s reputation as a research powerhouse in the area, with exciting and innovative research that captured my interest. I also appreciated the more affordable price tag at UMBC, and I really liked the communication I had with UMBC staff while I was applying. Especially as an international student, I had a lot to figure out, and they were very quick to respond to all of my requests. I thought, “This is the kind of environment I want to be in.”
Q: How did you get connected with the Summers lab?
A: I was waiting for an Uber at the campus entrance circle, and I saw then President Freeman Hrabowski walking to his car from the Administration Building. I thought, “Let me go talk to him for a second—this is the president, I might never get another chance.” So I talked to him about where I’m from and my strong interest in science. He mentioned the Meyerhoff Scholars Program, and that conversation started a whole chain of communication with him. Eventually he connected me with Keith Harmon, the director of the Meyerhoff Scholars Program. After I met with Mr. Harmon, I became a friend of the program and started receiving advising and other support from Meyerhoff staff. Mr. Harmon was also the one who connected me with Dr. Summers.
Sam Geleta works hard in Dr. Michael Summers’ lab (left), but also finds time for fun with friends. At right, he celebrates Diwali on campus at an event hosted by the Hindu Student Association. (Courtesy of Geleta)
I was really excited about what Dr. Summers’ lab was doing, and I wanted to be a part of it. We study HIV’s RNAs and proteins, particularly how the virus replicates and packages its genetic material. That was really exciting for me, because Ethiopia is heavily affected by the HIV epidemic. If I could do research that could help us understand how the virus works and ease the epidemic, I wanted to participate in that. Fast forward, and it’s been two-and-a-half years since I joined the lab.
Q: What are you working on in the lab?
A: My first project was on understanding the role of RNA structures in modulating the translation and packaging of the HIV genome. That project was one of the reasons I became strongly interested in doing research, because it showed me the ups and downs of science. A lot of things didn’t work as planned, but eventually they came together, and just that pursuit itself was an incredibly rewarding experience.
We were able to publish results from that project in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) last summer, and now I’m working on a new project where I study how HIV proteins interact with human proteins—how they hijack cellular factors to enhance their own replication. The goal is to find new therapeutic targets for HIV.
Going to conferences taught me that you’re not just limited to your own little bench. Science goes much wider, and you can collaborate with people from across the country or the world, which is amazing.
Samuel Geleta ’25
Q: How did you decide to pursue a research career?
When we published the paper on my first project, I thought, “Wow, by doing research, I can be a part of a story that’s not done yet, but will continue to help other people. That really got me excited about pursuing my Ph.D. Also, for the paper, we collaborated with researchers at the University of Wisconsin and the University of Michigan. That showed me how much collaboration there is in science—that other people are also trying to figure out what’s going on.
Going to multiple conferences also really inspired me to pursue a Ph.D. I was able to meet people from different places and backgrounds, and it was just amazing how much we had in common in terms of what we wanted to pursue. At the same time, there were differences in how we approached our questions. That was really exciting, because I felt like doing my Ph.D. could connect me to a lot more potential collaborators and opportunities. Going to conferences taught me that you’re not just limited to your own little bench. Science goes much wider, and you can collaborate with people from across the country or the world, which is amazing.
Left: Sam Geleta poses by the ABRCMS sign, a major conference for undergraduate scientists. Right: Samuel Geleta (far left), Dr. Michael Summers (center) and other undergraduate researchers attend UMBC’s Summer Undergraduate Research Fest in 2023. (Courtesy of Geleta)
Q: Who has supported you through your UMBC career?
A: I chose to work with Dr. Saif Yasin, an M.D./Ph.D. candidate in the Summers lab, because of how passionate he was about his science. We clicked immediately. He gave me a lot of freedom to think like a scientist, and come up with solutions to problems in the lab. He’s been an amazing support, and I learned a lot from him.
After he defended his Ph.D and returned to medical school, now I’m working with Dr. Nele Hollman, a postdoc in the lab. She has helped me take ownership of my work and come up with new ideas for the project that I’m doing right now. Even other grad students and postdocs in the Summers lab are always there if I need help. It’s an awesome environment for doing science.
The entire Meyerhoff staff has also been very supportive, and their support didn’t waver as my goals changed. Dr. Tiffany Gierasch, a teaching professor in chemistry and biochemistry, gave me the opportunity to be a learning assistant for organic chemistry classes, which really helped me understand organic chemistry even more and give back to other students. Dr.Deepak Koirala, an assistant professor of chemistry and biochemistry, has also been an awesome mentor. He does RNA research, and I’ve gotten to know him because we’ve gone to a lot of conferences together. I sit in on some of his classes on RNA structures.
The Center for Global Engagement has been very supportive, too. Whenever I have a question, I just go there during their walk-in hours and talk to someone. They are so responsive.
And I can’t leave out my family and friends—some of them are still in Ethiopia. They’ve also been incredibly supportive and encouraging.
It’s perfectly fine if you are not sure about what you want to do. If you’re confused and looking for inspiration for what to do, then you’re doing the right thing. You should let the process play out. Just explore all the paths and everything you’re interested in, and eventually you will find what you really want to do. And once you find that, just keep going.
Samuel Geleta ’25
Q: What’s next for you?
A: I committed to Yale for my Ph.D. in biomedical and biological sciences. I’m really looking forward to starting life in New Haven and being in a new environment to do science. I’m interested in studying RNA therapeutics and how they can be used for viral interventions in different kinds of viruses.
My research got me looking into biotech as well, and after my Ph.D. I would be interested in pursuing that while also potentially working in academia. I would like my research to produce a product or get patented—translational work. That prospect got me more excited to do my Ph.D. I also want to bring some of the business back to Ethiopia and see what I can do. I want to be an entrepreneurial scientist.
Q: What advice do you have for incoming UMBC students or aspiring undergraduate researchers?
A: It’s perfectly fine if you are not sure about what you want to do. If you’re confused and looking for inspiration for what to do, then you’re doing the right thing. You should let the process play out. Just explore all the paths and everything you’re interested in, and eventually you will find what you really want to do. And once you find that, just keep going.
Also, forming connections is really important. Attend events with people from different places, and you’ll gain new insight into what they do. If you decide to start up a conversation with someone who doesn’t know you, you don’t have to go into the conversation with a specific goal. If you’re kind and curious, the other person will take the next step and want to help you out. Even if they can’t help you directly, they may be able to connect you with someone else who can.
I’m still in touch with Dr. Hrabowski. I told him about my post-grad plans and how he’s impacted me, and he was really happy. When I first had that conversation with him, I didn’t think it would lead up to this. I just took a chance, and it worked out. It’s been amazing.
Left: Sam Geleta (far left) with Dr. Summers and other members of the laboratory, all sporting sweatshirts advertising where they will pursue further study. Right: Geleta visited Yale’s campus before making his graduate school decision.
At UMBC, undergraduate students are redefining the boundaries of scientific and artistic pursuits. From a chemical engineer who graces the stage with his cello to a bioinformatician who paints and a biochemist who ignites the dance floor with Latin rhythms, these scholars thrive in an environment that celebrates their diverse passions.
This spring, several U-RISE Scholars—the National Institutes of Heath’s Undergraduate Research Training Initiative for Student Enhancement—shared their multidisciplinary interests with Jacqueline King, associate director of the U-RISE program, and Mariano Sto. Domingo, associate director of research and evaluation within the Meyerhoff Scholars Program. As a result, King and Sto. Domingo started researching how the arts and science blend in these students’ lives, and presented their findings at an academic conference this spring. What they learned was that here, rigorous research and creative expression intertwine, fostering a vibrant community where students explore every dimension of their talents.
Ajeetha Aruchandran, a seniorbioinformatics and computational biology major, studies how the neural tube—a precursor to the spinal cord—forms in zebrafish embryos with Rachel Brewster, professor of biological sciences.
The development of the embryos, which are transparent, “is a very visual process,” Aruchandran says. Her artistic skills have allowed her to generate beautiful and accurate diagrams that communicate her research, she says. “When you’re not able to communicate science well, then the meaning is lost. So I think my art has really strengthened that aspect of my science. The connection has surprised and delighted me, because for a long time I thought my science and my art had to be separate.”
Biologist Ajeetha Aruchandran also loves to paint. (Courtesy of Aruchandran)
Aruchandran began with drawing, but has transitioned to painting. “There’s something so special about the freeness of a brushstroke,” she says. The two pursuits “create balance in my life, because when I need more structure, I have research and the scientific method, but when I need to feel more free, I have my art.”
Rhythm and harmony
Lesley Hernandez, a senior majoring in biochemistry and molecular biology, is hunting for factors that regulate how viruses like HIV multiply in cells with Michael Summers, University Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry. The ultimate goal is to disrupt the viruses’ replication. She also loves to dance.
“My family is from the Dominican Republic, so I grew up surrounded by music and movement. I decided to embrace that part of my culture at UMBC by joining the Latin Dance Club, where I could perform and share my love for dance with others,” Hernandez says. “I love incorporating dance into the workspace by sharing a laugh with my peers and dancing between experiments. It fosters stronger connections and creates an enjoyable work environment.”
Lesley Hernandez loves being able to “go to my dance class and come back [to the lab] with a refreshed mind.” (Melissa Penley Cormier, M.F.A. ’17/UMBC)
And, when the science gets intense, “I can go to my dance class and come back with a refreshed mind,” Hernandez says. Her attention to detail benefits both her science and her dance. Being “a calculated person” helps her pick up rhythmically complex dance moves more quickly, for example. Both activities also require creativity, whether in trouble-shooting an experiment that’s not working or coming up with new dance routines.
In the Summers lab, “We are all really into science, but what is fun for you outside of that? Everyone in my lab has their own outlet, and that is encouraged,” Hernandez says.
For Daisy Parry, a senior majoring in biological sciences, that outlet is singing. “I’ve had a lot of interests that have come and gone, but singing has been a constant thread throughout my life. It’s very important and very centering to me,” Parry says. Her music minor has created dedicated times that provide a respite from the demands of science, she says.
Daisy Parry (in front, with microphone) performs with the UMBC Stilettos, an all-female a cappella group. (Courtesy of Parry)
Parry is a member of The Stilettos, an all-woman a cappella group at UMBC, and her church choir. She arranges songs for The Stilettos to perform, which permits taking some creative license with the original work. “I like changing up the rhythms and dynamics to add depth to the music, and I think’s encouraged me to think a bit outside the box with my science, too, in terms of trying new experimental techniques.”
For now, her work on cell migration in fruit fly embryos with Michelle Starz-Gaiano, professor of biological sciences, her classes, and her music keep her busy, but Parry is looking forward to pursuing a master’s in public health after UMBC. She emphasizes how the concept of harmony—so central to music—carries over to the kind of work she wants to do. Factors such as research, clinical care, public policy, economics, the environment, and how they intersect are all relevant to public health outcomes, she explains.
‘It makes me whole’
Ella Reinders, a junior biological sciences major, also likes to tackle projects—scientific or artistic—from many angles. Watercolor and acrylic paints, sketching and drawing, handicrafts, sewing, and ballet have all captured her interest. “There are all different kinds of random things that I think are fun,” Reinders says.
In the lab, “I am able to come up with different ways of thinking about something because I’ve taken so many different approaches,” she says.
Reinders does behavioral research with Tara LeGates, assistant professor of biological sciences. The lab needed a new piece of equipment, but it was too expensive to buy off the shelf. “So I decided, why not create our own?” Reinders recalls.
Ella Reinders says that “moving through life with both scientific and artistic interests just makes everything more interesting.” (Courtesy of Reinders)
She sketched it out, learned how to render it on the computer, how to 3D print it at the UMBC library, and then how to wire it. “And now I’ve actually been using it, and it works,” she says. “It was really exciting. I love turning something from my brain into something that I’m actually holding.”
There is also direct overlap between Reinders’ science and her art. “I’ve done imaging of neurons, and being able to turn them into this piece of artwork that you want to hang on your wall is really exciting. Moving through life with both scientific and artistic interests just makes everything more interesting and feels like a way to express all sides of myself.”
For Joshua Dayie, a senior chemical engineering major, both discipline and creativity are required for his research and his art—playing the cello. “You really have to strike a balance between them to make any meaningful progress,” he says. Practicing cello requires hours of repetition, until technical passages flow out of his fingers from muscle memory alone. In the lab, sometimes experiments must be repeated many times before they’re successful—that’s the discipline.
Playing the cello and conducting research makes Joshua Dayie feel “more whole.” (Melissa Penley Cormier, M.F.A. ’17/UMBC)
Dayie applies that discipline to his research with Mark Marten, professor of chemical, biochemical, and environmental engineering, on characterizing signaling pathways in fungi that activate in response to environmental stressors.
Then comes the creativity. Only after someone masters the fundamentals can they explore nuance in the tone or emotion conveyed on the cello, Dayie says. Similarly, in science “a lot of the innovation that you generate is really only meaningful after you’ve spent a lot of time understanding the core scientific concepts behind everything.”
“I think that’s been the most surprising thing: The creativity that comes from a very sound foundation of discipline is something that is translatable pretty much anywhere,” Dayie reflects.
As an added bonus, “Music has been a really nice outlet for me to use a different part of my brain, just to express myself in a different way,” he adds. “I feel like it makes me a little bit more whole.”
Lea-Pearl Njei, biological sciences; Caly Ferguson, mechanical engineering; and Jariatu Kargbo, biological sciences, have each received the prestigious Goldwater Scholarship for the 2025 – 2026 academic year. The Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation strives to promote a strong STEM workforce in the U.S., and Njei, Ferguson, and Kargbo are among this year’s 441 awardees nationwide. Since 2005, 34 UMBC students have been awarded a Goldwater Scholarship.
“Caly, Lea-Pearl, and Jariatu emerged from a field of well-qualified students to represent UMBC in the Goldwater competition,” shares April Householder ’95, director of undergraduate research and prestigious scholarships. “They worked with me and the Goldwater faculty committee to strengthen their applications, and their dedication paid off. For several years in a row, UMBC has had multiple winners for this extremely competitive award.”
Njei is conducting colorectal cancer research with Jean-Pierre Raufman at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, after an internship at Yale sparked her interest in gastrointestinal organs. Njei has found support in the Meyerhoff Scholars program, especially from staff such as Jacqueline King.
“Sometimes I have that fear, where I know I can do something, but I need a little push, or someone to give me that confidence that I can do it,” Njei says. “And Dr. King’s support has been wonderful.”
Raufman, too, “has always been incredibly supportive of me as a young researcher and continually challenges me to grow and reach my full potential,” Njei says.
Njei also appreciates how much assistance she’s received as an international student and the diversity among biological sciences majors. “There are people who want to go to medical school, who want to go to graduate school, and others who want to go into the pharmaceutical industry or engineering,” she says. Njei serves as president of the UMBC chapter of Phi Delta Epsilon, the international medical fraternity. The fraternity offered “another community on campus that, besides seeing myself as a researcher, helped me see myself in the world of medicine.”
Left: Lea-Pearl Njei presents her research at an NIH symposium. (Courtesy of Njei) Right: Jariatu Kargbo presents her research at a conference. (Courtesy of Kargbo)
The perfect place to grow
Ferguson is developing a prosthetic arm that runs on software driven by machine learning and is also affordable—a tricky combination. His work with Ramana Vinjamuri, associate professor of computer science and electrical engineering, has taken Vinjamuri’s lab in a new direction.
Vinjamuri is “open to ideas,” and tells his students that “the biggest thing you have to do is learn,” Ferguson says. “He’s been an incredible help to me over these past couple of years working on this project. UMBC has been the perfect place for me to grow.”
The project is making good progress, and right now Ferguson is working on a live simulation and moving toward a prototype that other lab members can use in experiments. He’s picked up substantial coding skills from his time in Vinjamuri’s group.
Ferguson is inspired to pursue the prosthetic arm in part because of a birth defect that caused portions of two fingers on each of his hands not to develop. It doesn’t affect his daily life much—Ferguson says he can still type, play basketball, and play video games, for example. “But it got me thinking about people with much bigger challenges,” he says. “Being able to impact that community with technology that I created would be pretty cool, so that’s how I got started with this idea.”
Caly Ferguson (foreground, right) is developing an affordable robotic hand that runs on machine learning. Parthan Olikkal (background, right) works with Ferguson in Ramana Vinjamuri’s research group. (Melissa Penley Cormier, M.F.A. ’17/UMBC)
Right at your doorstep
Kargbo is studying melanopsin, a protein in the eye, with Phyllis Robinson, professor of biological sciences. “I singled out UMBC because of its emphasis on community and research—that’s what I wanted out of my university experience,” Kargbo says, and she found what she was looking for. She chose Robinson’s lab because of her interactions with other lab members. “It felt like a really safe lab environment for me to make mistakes, learn from them, and then grow as a researcher,” she says, “even though I didn’t understand that much when I first started out.”
Kargbo encourages aspiring researchers not to sell themselves short. “You don’t know what you’re capable of until you actually try to accomplish your goal,” she says. “And if you don’t have the confidence to show what you’re able to do, nobody’s ever going to know about it.”
All of the recipients agreed that receiving the Goldwater will open up a new support network among current and former recipients, and that the application process improved their communication skills and helped them sharpen their career goals.
“Goldwater is another opportunity for me to practice communicating my science,” Kargbo says. “I can now use the skills that I learned from applying for Goldwater, even if I hadn’t won the award, to apply for other grants, for example the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship for graduate school or Fulbright.”
The newest Goldwater scholars also felt that UMBC offered the environment and resources they needed to succeed. To go after big goals, “You need people who believe in you. You need mentors, you need support groups, and you can and will find them at UMBC,” Njei says. “You don’t even have to look too far, because they are all right there at your doorstep.”
April Householder, left, supports UMBC students through the Goldwater application process. (Michael Mower/UMBC)
